While EVs are less likely to catch fire than cars with internal combustion engines, when they do, it’s worse. Much worse.

The culprit? Their lithium-ion batteries.

To better understand why lithium-ion batteries can sometimes be hazardous, let’s first refresh how they work.

A li-ion battery comprises of four key elements: a positive electrode (the cathode), a negative electrode (the anode), an electrolyte, and a separator.

The electrodes store the lithium ions, the electrolyte carries them between the electrodes, and the separator keeps the cathode from coming in contact with the anode.

The batteries’ flammability has to do with their liquid electrolytes.

In general, electrolytes in use today involve dissolving a lithium salt in a liquid material composed primarily of linear and cyclic chain carbonates. Basically, molecules that involve a carbon atom attached to three oxygen atoms. These liquids are typically flammable, and can be volatile and unstable when exposed to high temperatures.

As Professor Paul Christensen from the University of Newcastle explained to Air Quality News , “if the battery is exposed to excessive heat, or there is a penetration in the battery case, then you get an internal short circuit.”

Simply put, this short circuit causes excessive heat, which in turn causes a chemical reaction. That generates more heat, making the chemical reaction develop even faster, which again results in more heat — a vicious circle.

This process is called “thermal runaway” and can lead to a domino effect. Namely, the heat generated by a failed cell can move to the next cell, making it thermally unstable as well. This chain reaction has the potential to destroy the entire pack in a matter of seconds and even cause explosions.

There are four main reasons why EV fires are demanding to deal with:

While the burden falls mostly on manufacturers, there are a few things you can do to enhance your EV’s safety. For instance, you should avoid overcharging. You should also regularly get your vehicle’s batteries checked and repaired from the automaker’s authorized service centers.

And it goes without saying that if your car catches fire, you should immediately evacuate and not attempt to extinguish the fire yourself.

HT – Ion Energy , ThoughtCo , Stuff

3 most important predictions for mobility and smart cities in 2021

1. Micromobilty market consolidation in Europe

Given the speed and timing of COVID, there has been a rapid transformation in the European micromobility market. According to recent news stories and press releases, many of the largest operators have been in active late-stage fundraises to shore up their consumer offers, expand their fleets, and increase their geographic service areas.

Namely, Tier, Voi, and Bolt have been the standout micromobiity operators that have not only weathered the COVID-19 financial storm, but have been able to attract massive equity capital investment, scale their operations, and aggressively hire across all business units. Lime is the one US-based operator in Europe that has been able to sustain their offer in Europe, albeit with investment by Uber and the caveat that 66% of their growth has occurred outside their home US market.

This has left the small to middle-level micromobility operators in a bit of a cash crunch, due to:

Therefore, we will see increased mergers and acquisitions of these operators and/or their divestment in the European market in the coming months ahead.

2. Robotaxis and autonomous deliveries

With the recent acquisition of Moovit by Intel, along with partnerships announced by Lyft, the Zoox driverless shuttle by Amazon, and a high level of activity already in China, we will see continued growth in 2021. Over the past few years, the autonomous vehicle market went through a bit of a hype cycle, peaking in early 2018. Since that point, many OEMs, suppliers, startups, and investors have been scratching their heads wondering what will happen next.

With the advent of COVID-19, social distancing, and public health measures, new use cases and opportunities rapidly opened up over the course of 2020. The market for shared and commercial autonomous vehicles has now eclipsed that for personal autonomous vehicles, thus the pivot towards robotaxis and driverless trucks. This will continue with rapid acceleration in investment, pilots, and commercial partnerships in the coming year. In addition, with widespread stay at home orders, quarantines, and curfews, the market for outdoor dining and home food deliveries has exploded.

Therefore, we will see interesting value propositions from AI and mobility tech startups continue into 2021, related to human-assisted and autonomous deliveries for parcels, packages, and even food to homes and businesses.

3. 15 Minute cities and active transportation

Finally, the most important trend and prediction for the year ahead in 2021 is the widespread adoption by governments of the policies related to ‘15 Minutes Cities.” What started initially in Paris, coupled with a COVID-related expansion of the urban bike network to maintain social distancing and public health, has taken the world by storm.

Almost every major city now has an open street, pop up bike lane, widened pedestrian paths or outdoor dining, and massive increases in cycling and walking. While these policies have always been supported by urban planners and designers to reduce the impact of automobiles, COVID-19 has served as the inflection point in which to enable cities to pursue more long term sustainability initiatives and active transportation infrastructure investments.

While there has been limited pushback from certain individual and auto lobby groups (London and Berlin) towards active transportation measures, 2021 will see continued digital and physical infrastructure investments to support long term urban sustainable shifts away from the private automobile.

This article was written by Scott Shepard, Chief Business Officer, Iomob Technologies , on The Urban Mobility Daily , the content site of the Urban Mobility Company, a Paris-based company which is moving the business of mobility forward through physical and virtual events and services. Join their community of 10K+ global mobility professionals by signing up for the Urban Mobility Weekly newsletter . Read the original article here and follow them on Linkedin and Twitter .

SHIFT is brought to you by Polestar. It’s time to accelerate the shift to sustainable mobility. That is why Polestar combines electric driving with cutting-edge design and thrilling performance. Find out how .

What you need to know about the Polestar 2 recall

Full disclosure: Polestar is SHIFT’s lead sponsor. Polestar firmly believes the mobility industry needs honesty and transparency to succeed. Which is why we have their support in publishing this article.

Several owners of the new Polestar 2 electric sedan recently reported that the electric sedan had developed a fault with the drive system. We’ve reached out to a PR representative at Polestar; so far 3 people have encountered issues with their car. Polestar is currently updating their FAQ to answer as many questions as possible about this matter.

According to the company, the problem is that the vehicle might lose propulsion. As such, nearly 2,200 vehicles will be recalled for a software update, with some 600 of them in its home market of Sweden. It has directed customers to bring the vehicle by to their local service station and have the issue sorted via a software update.

A Polestar spokesperson told Swedish newspaper Dagens Industri , “There have been no accidents or personal injury. Brakes, steering, and other systems are working as they should.”

This comes shortly after Polestar began delivering the vehicles to customers this year. We’re staying in touch with Polestar and will update this post as we learn more.

SHIFT is brought to you by Polestar. It’s time to accelerate the shift to sustainable mobility. That is why Polestar combines electric driving with cutting-edge design and thrilling performance. Find out how .